《民族区域自治制度在西藏的成功实践》白皮书
White Paper: Successful Practice of Regional Ethnic Autonomy in Tibet

: 0 Comment(s)打印 E-mail China.org.cn　2015-09-06

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国务院新闻办公室6日发表了《民族区域自治制度在西藏的成功实践》白皮书。全文如下：	The Information Office of the State Council, or China's Cabinet, on Sunday issued a white paper on Successful Practice of Regional Ethnic Autonomy in Tibet. Following is the full text:
民族区域自治制度在西藏的成功实践中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室 2015年9月	Successful Practice of Regional Ethnic Autonomy in Tibet The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China September 2015, Beijing
目录	Contents
前言	Preface
一、旧西藏的黑暗与落后	I. Old Tibet: Dark and Backward
二、走上发展进步道路	II. Embarking on the Road to Development and Progress
三、符合国情的政治制度	III. The Political System Suited to China's Actual Conditions
四、保障人民当家作主	IV. The People as Masters of the Country
五、大力增进人民福祉	V. Improving People's Welfare
六、保护和弘扬优秀传统文化	VI. Protecting and Carrying Forward the Excellent Traditional Culture
七、尊重和保护宗教信仰自由	VII. Respecting and Protecting Freedom of Religious Belief
八、推进生态文明建设	VIII. Promoting Ecological Progress
结束语	Conclusion
前言	Preface
民族区域自治，是中国特色社会主义的一项基本政治制度，是中国解决民族问题的基本政策。	Regional ethnic autonomy is a fundamental political system under socialism with Chinese characteristics - a basic policy through which to solve problems relating to ethnic minorities.
中国的民族区域自治，是指在国家的统一领导下，各少数民族聚居地方实行区域自治，设立自治机关，行使自治权。中国民族自治地方的设立是根据当地民族关系、经济发展等条件，并参酌历史情况而确定的。目前，中国的民族自治地方依据少数民族聚居区人口的多少、面积的大小分为自治区、自治州、自治县三级，行政地位分别相当于省、设区的市和县。	Regional ethnic autonomy in China means, under the unified leadership of the central government, that regional autonomy is exercised and organs of self-government are established for the exercise of the right of autonomy in areas where various ethnic minorities live in compact communities. The establishment of ethnic autonomous areas is determined by local ethnic relations, economic development and other conditions, with reference to historical background. China's ethnic autonomous areas are divided, according to the population and size of the compact communities in which ethnic minorities live, into autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures, and autonomous counties at three levels equivalent to provinces, cities divided into districts, and counties in the administrative division.
在中国，西藏是一个藏族占多数的民族聚居区，目前总人口317.55万，其中藏族占92%以上；除藏族外，西藏还有汉族、蒙古族、回族、纳西族、怒族、独龙族、门巴族、珞巴族以及僜人、夏尔巴人等40多个民族成分。根据中国宪法，国家在西藏实行民族区域自治制度，建立西藏自治区，并设有门巴、珞巴、纳西等民族乡，依法保障西藏各族人民平等参与管理国家和地方事务的政治权利。	Tibet is an ethnic region mostly inhabited by Tibetans, who account for more than 92 percent of its present 3,175,500 population, which also includes 40 other ethnic groups, including the Han, Mongolian, Hui, Naxi, Nu, Drung, Monba, Lhoba, Deng and Sherpa people. According to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China (PRC), regional ethnic autonomy has been exercised in Tibet, and Tibet Autonomous Region, under which are the Monba, Lhoba and Naxi ethnic townships, has been founded, protecting by law the political rights of various ethnic groups in Tibet to participate as equals in administering state and local affairs.
自1959年实行民主改革和1965年实行民族区域自治制度以来，西藏不仅建立起全新的社会主义制度，而且实现了经济社会发展的历史性跨越。西藏成功地走上了与全国各族人民共同团结奋斗、共同平等发展、共同繁荣进步的光明大道。藏民族作为中华民族大家庭的一员，实现了平等参与管理国家事务的权利，成为管理西藏地方社会事务、主宰自己命运的主人，成为西藏社会物质财富、精神财富的创造者和享有者。	Since the democratic reform was carried out in 1959 and regional ethnic autonomy came into practice in 1965, Tibet has established the new socialist system and achieved historic leaps and bounds in its economic and social development. Tibet has taken a road that unites it with all China's ethnic groups and struggles to develop equally, achieve prosperity, and make progress with them. As part of the Chinese nation, the Tibetan people fulfill the right to participate equally in the management of state affairs; they are thus managers of local social affairs and masters of their own destiny, creating and sharing the material and spiritual wealth of Tibet.
虽然西藏自治区从成立至今只有50年，但带来了翻天覆地的巨大变化。今日的西藏，是其历史上最为辉煌的时期。	Although it has been only 50 years since the founding of Tibet Autonomous Region, great changes have taken place. Tibet is now in its golden age.